Typewriting and like machine



l w. SCHREMP TY PEYIRITING AND LIKE MACHINE Aug; 16; 1938.

e Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed May 6, 1957 v 1938. F. w. SCHREMP Q 2,127,431 H ITYPEWRITING AND LIKE MACHINE Filed May 6, 1937 Q 6 Sheets-Sheet s Aug.16, 1938.

F. W. SCHREMP TYPEWRITING AND LIKE MACHINE 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed May 6,1937 mg. 16, 1938. F. w. SCHREMP 2,127,431

I TYPEWRITING AND LIKE MACHINE Filed May 6, 1937 l 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 (Mm:mm

g- 1938- F. w. SCHREMP TYPEWRITING AND LIKE MACHINE Filed May a, 193'? aSheets-Sheet e Frederick W. Schremp, Elmira, N. Y., assignor toRemington Rand inc... Buffalo, N. Y., a corporation of DelawareApplication May 6, 1937, Serial No. 141,038

l? Claims.

My invention relates to typewriting and like machines, and moreparticularly to variable carriage feed-mechanism and also to backspacing mechanism by which the carriage may be back spaced to accordwith the variable forward feed of the carriage.

The main object of my invention, generally stated, is to provide simple,improved and highly effective variable feed mechanism that may be set topredetermine the extent of letter spacing required.

A further object of my invention is to provide variable feed mechanismof the character specifled which is incorporated in the drivingconnections between the carriage and the escapement wheel thereof, sothat a variation in the letter feed movement of the carriage may bereadily effected notwithstanding that a uniform letter feed movement ofthe escapement wheel may take place at all times.

A still further object of my invention is to combine a back spacingmechanism with such variable letter feed mechanism so that the backspacing movement of the carriage will at all times accord with thevariable forward letter feed movement of the carriage.

Another object of my invention is to incorporate the features specifiedabove in a standard typewriting machine without materially modifying theexisting structural features thereof.

To the above and other ends which will hereinafter appear, my inventionconsists in the features of construction, arrangement of parts andcombinations of devices hereinafter set forth and particularly pointedout in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings--.-

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary top plan view of the rear portion of a No. 16Remington typewriting machine equipped with the devices of my invention,the view showing certain parts in section and certain other partsomitted for the purpose of clearer illustration.

Fig. 2 is a rear elevational view of a portion of the machine shown inFig. 1, the view also showing parts in section and parts omitted.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged, detail sectional view of a portion of theconstruction, the section being taken on line 3-4 of Fig. i and viewedin the direction of the arrows at said line.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged, detail sectional view of a (m. Mil-84) portion ofthe construction shown in Fig. 3, the section being taken on line 4-i ofFig. 3 and viewed in the direction of the arrows at said line.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged, detail sectional view of a portion of theconstruction, the section being taken on line 5-5 of Fig. 3 and viewedin the direction of the arrows at said line.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged perspective view of a detail of the construction.

Fig. 7 is an enlarged fragmentary rear elevational view of theescapement mechanism, the view showing certain parts in section andcertain other parts omitted.

Fig. 8 is an enlarged, fragmentary, side elevational view of thecarriage and associated parts with certain parts'thereof shown insection and certain parts omitted.

Fig. 9 is an enlarged sectional view of the adjusting means taken online 9-9 of Fig. 8 and viewed in the direction of the arrows at saidline, the view showing an adjusted position thereof which is in accordwith the position of the parts shown in Fig.5 for example.

Fig. 10 is an enlarged, fragmentary sectional view of the back spacingmechanism, the view being taken on line Ill-Ill of Fig. 3 and viewed inthe direction of the arrows at'said line.

Fig. 11 is an enlarged fragmentary front elevational view of theadjusting means, the view showing a different adjusted position thereofthan in Fig. 9.

Fig. 12 is an enlarged, fragmentary sectional view of the adjustingmeans, the view being taken on line I2l2 of Fig. 11 and viewed in thedirection of the arrows at said line.

I have shown my invention in the present instance embodied in a No. 16Remington typewriting machine in which the devices of my in vention maybe readily incorporated without materially modifying the existingstructural features 0 of such machine. It should be understood, however,that the invention may be embodied in various types of typewriting andlike machines, wherever found available.

It is one of the purposes of my invention to provide simple andeffective means embodied in the driving connections between the carriageand escapement wheel therefor by which a variable letter feed of thecarriage may be effected, dependent on a presetting of adjustable meansby which the variation in the feed may be controlled.

It also is one of the purposes of the present invention to combine backspacing mechanism with said driving connections so that the back spacingwill always accord with the forward letter spacing irrespective of thevariation in the latter.

The machine in the present instance includes the usual frame having atop plate I5. A rectangular carriage frame or truck I6 is mounted in theusual manner in front and rear guide rails on the top plate I5 formovement from side to side of the machine. The front rail is not shownin the present drawings, but is similar to the rear stationary rail IIshown in Fig. 3, which rail is grooved to receive crossed anti-frictionrollers I8 which are also received in grooved ways I9 in the rear crossbar of the carriage frame I6.

As shown in Fig. 8 a platen 20 is mounted by the usual shaft 2| upon acase shifting platen frame including arms 22 having bearings receivingthe ends of the platen shaft 2i and which are connected to the truck I6by the usual parallel links 22, whereby the platen 20 may be movedvertically relative to the carriage frame I6 for case shifting. Thecarriage frame I8 is provided with elongated openings 23 to allow suchvertical movement of the platen shaft ZI.

The usual spring drum 25 (see Fig. 2}) is mounted on the frame of themachine and a pull band 26 extending from the spring drum is connectedat 21 to the carriage frame I6. The spring drum 25 thus tends to movethe carriage from right to left or in a letter space direction in theusual manner.

The portion of the complete machine which is chiefly affected by theincorporation of my invention therein is the carriage feed or escapementmechanism, or the means by which the carriage is controlled in itsmovement under the power of the spring drum 25 for letter space movementand for spacing between words. Ac-- cordingly in the present embodimentof my invention it is intended that the parts of the machine thus fardescribed as well as certain other parts thereof which are not shown inthe drawings may be of the usual construction employed, in the presentexample, in the No. 16 Remington machine.

In accordance with the present invention, I do not employ the usualcarriage feed rack and pinion which ordinarily operatively connect thecarriage with the escapement wheel for controlling letter spacemovements thereof. In the place of the usual carriage feed rack, I haveprovided a flexible cable, designated as a whole by the referencenumeral 30, which is connected at its ends to the carriage and is woundaround and thus operatively connected to a rotatable drum, designated asa whole by the reference numeral 32. This drum is operatively connectedwith the escapement wheel and accordingly replaces the usual feedpinion. The flexible cable 30 in the present instance comprises threeparal lel stranded wire members or strands 33 which are joined at theirextreme ends by transverse clamping members 34. Rivets 35 are employedto securely clamp the members 34 to the ends of the stranded wirestrands 33, and these clamping members 34 are received within andbetween hooked portions 36 of respective connecting members 3'l, asshown for example in Fig. 9.

The method of connecting the left-hand end of the cable III to thecarriage frame I5 is shown particularly in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, wherein itmay be seen that the left-hand cable connecting member 31 is fixedlysecured at 38'to a squared portion of an anchor rod 39 having a roundthreaded portion passing through a tapped opening in an enlarged hubportion 40 of a depending bracket 4I. The rod 39 is retained in thebracket M by a nut 42 threaded thereon and bearing against the outersurface of the hub portion 40. The upper end of the depending bracket 4|is attached, as by rivets 43, to a rearwardly extending bracket 44 whichis fixedly secured at 45 (see Fig. 1) to the carriage frame I6, thebracket 44 being ordinarily employed in the machine to support theleft-hand end of a usual tabulator column stop bar 46 which is attachedthereto at 41.

From certain aspects of my invention any suitable means may be employedfor adjustably connecting one end of the cable 30 to the carlarly inFigs. 1, 8 and 9, wherein it may be seen that the end of the right-handcable connection 31 is received in a slot in a pull rod 50 that issquare in cross section and is securely attached to said pull rod byrivets 5|. The pull rod 50 is received for longitudinal movement only ina square opening in an enlarged hub portion 52 of a depending bracket 53attached at 54 to a lateral extension 55 of a rearwardly extendingbracket 56. The bracket 56 is secured to the carriage frame I6 at 51(see Fig. 1) and is also employed to support the right-hand end of thetabulator column stop bar 46 which is attached thereto at 58.

The pull rod 50 is connected at 63 to a reduced diameter portion of acylindrical rod 64 which is received in a center bore in the rod 50. Theright-hand end of the rod 64 is connected to a finger wheel 65 in amanner that causes said rod and finger wheel to travel togetherlongitudinally of said rod but enables the finger wheel to be turnedindependently of the rod. In the present instance this connection iseffected as follows. The finger wheel 65 is provided with a central,concentric depression in the outer face 'wheel 55 to be turned aroundthe rod 64 but compels the wheel and rod to travel togetherlongitudinally of the latter. The finger \hvvl 65 is provided with aninwardly extending cyllndrical portion 68 having internal threads 59miacting with external threads ID of a fixed cylindrical member IIsurrounding the rod 64 and attached by screws 12 to the hub portion 52of the bracket 53.

As shown in Figs. 1, 3, 4 and 5. the drum 32 which coacts with the cable30 comprises a hub I6 rotatively mounted on an escapement wheel shaft11. The shaft 11 may be of the same general construction as thatordinarily employed in the No. 16 Remington machine and is mounted inthe usual manner for rotation in a U-shaped bracket I8 which is fixedlysecured in the usual manner to the top plate I5 of the machine. The

I rear reduced diameter end of the shaft 11 is received by a bearingsleeve 19 which is clamped by a screw 89 in an opening in the bracketIt, thus permitting removal of the shaft II from the bracket I8 by firstwithdrawing the sleeve I9.

The construction of the drum 32 is best shown in Figs. 3, and 6 whereinit may be seen that the hub I6 carries a rear integral annular flange83, and a disc 84 corresponding to the flange 83 is clamped upon theforward end of the hub I6 by a nut 85 threaded on a reduced diameterportion 86 of the hub IS. The disc 84 may further be keyed or otherwisesecurely locked against turning on the hub IS. The outer surface of thedrum 32 about which the cable 39 is wound is formed by a plurality ofseparate segments or sections 89, one of which is shown in detail inFig. 6. There are. six of such sections 88 in the present form of theconstruction. Each of the sections 88 is mounted for radial movementrelative to the axis of the hub I6 by laterally extending ear portions89 (see Fig. 6) which are received in radial slots 99 in the flange 83and disc III, as may be seen-in Fig. 4. Each of the sections 88 isspring pressed outwardly from the hub It by two coiled expansion springs9I, (see Figs. 3 and 5) the inner ends of the springs 9I being seated inrecesses in the hub I6 and the outer ends surround respective pins 92extending inwardly from the central portions of each of the sections 98.The sections 88 are all provided with three grooves 93 (see Fig. 6) ontheir outer surfaces, each groove being sufficiently wide to accommodatetwo widths of the individual cable members 33. These grooves 92 serve toseparate and maintain the individual cable members 33 of the cable 39 inproper spaced relation as they are wound around the drum.

The manner of expanding and contracting the drum 32 and the purposes tobe attained thereby will be hereinafter more fully described, but beforedoing so the manner of releasably connecting,

said drum to the back spacing and escapement wheels will first bedescribed in order that a clearer comprehension of the construction as awhole may he arrived at.

An escapement wheel and a back. spacing wheel, which in generalconstruction and operation may be the same as those ordinarily employedin said Remington machine, are herein normally operatively connectedwith the drum 32. Inasmuch as the usual feed rack and feed pinion arenot employed in the present construction, the

usual method of releasing the carriage from the control of theescapement wheel by disengaging the feed rack from the feed pinioncannot be utilized in the present mechanism. Accordingly, a specialcarriage releasing mechanism is provided in the present instance in theform of a clutch between the drum 32 and the escapement and back spacingwheels.

Thus, the rear end of the hub I6 is provided with crown clutch teeth 96(see Fig. 3) which normally mesh with similar clutch teeth 9'I on aclutch member 99. This clutch member 98 is mounted for longitudinalmovement on a forwardly extending hub portion 99 of aratchet or backspacing wheel I90, and is spring pressed to bring its clutch teeth 91into engagement with the clutch teeth 96 of the hub I6 by a coiledexpansion spring I02 surrounding the ratchet wheel hub 99. The clutchmember 98 is prevented from turning on the ratchet wheel hub 99 by asquared portion 99 (see Fig. 4) at, the forward end of the hub 99 whichenters a corresponding opening in the clutch member 98.

In order to afford manual release of the clutch member 98 from the hubI6, a vane or bar I94 is provided on the carriage which coacts with anannular flange I95 on the clutch member 98. The bar I94 extendslongitudinally of the carriage and is of sufiicient length to coact withthe flange I95 regardless of the position of the carriage in its line oftravel. Said bar I94 is fixedly secured by upwardly and forwardlyextending arms I96 to a rock shaft IIl'I which is pivotally mounted inbearings I99 on the brackets 4i and 53, as may be seen in Fig. 2.

A carriage release lever H2 terminating in a release key II 2*- (seeFigs. 1 and 8) is pivotally mounted at'l I3 at each end of the carriageframe It in the usual manner, and in the present instance, the rear endsof these release levers H2 carry pins IIII entering slots in the forwardends of respective rocker arms II5 which are likewise pivotally mountedat M6 on the carriage frame Hi. The rear end of each of the rocker armsI I5 is provided with a camming surface I I5 coacting with an associatedpin III at the lower end of respective arms I I8 depending from andfixedly secured to opposite ends of the rock shaft I01. Thus, a downwardpressure on either of the release keys II2 is effective to move the barIIl I rearwardly and release the carriage from the escapement mechanismby disengaging the clutch member 98 from the teeth 96 of the drum 32 andagainst the force of the restoring spring I02. adjustable eccentric stopscrew I20 (Fig. 8) is mounted at each end of the carriage frame I 6 andcoacts with the companion releasing lever II2 to arrest the returnmovements thereof and determine the normal positions of said levers andthe bar III I controlled thereby.

As will be seen from a consideration of Fig. aback spacing ratchet wheelIIIII of the usual construction is provided with teeth I25 thatconstitute internal as well as external teeth, the former 'coacting witha pawl I 26 pivotally carried at I 2'I by an escapement wheel hub I28which is secured to the shaft II by screws I29. The pawl I 26 is pressedby a spring I39 into engagement with the inside of the teeth I25, andthe teeth I25 and pawl I25 are arranged to cause the back spacing wheelIIII] and the escapement wheel to turn together when the escapementwheel is advanced for letter spacing movement of the carriage, but toallow the back spacing wheel to rotate relative to the escapement wheelin. the opposite direction when the carriage is being returned to begina new line of writing. The construction also is such that when the backspacing wheel is turned backward it will transmit a back spacingmovement to the carriage as will hereinafter more clearlyappear.

An escapement wheel I95 is secured by screws I36 to the hub I29. Thisescapement wheel is of the usual construction employed in the RemingtonNo. 16 machine except that its diameter has been increased toaccommodate an increased number of teeth. In thepresent instance, thenormal effective diameter of the drum 32 is two times the diameter ofthe feed pinion which it merit devices shown in Figs. 3 and '1 controlthe letter spacing movement of the escapement wheel I35. Thus, the hubmember I30 of the usual dog rocker is pivotally 'mounted on adjustableconed pivots I39 and I40 carried by a yoke-like bracket I4I secured inthe usual manner to the top plate I5 of the machine. The stepping dogI42 and holding dog I43 are mounted on the rocker hub member I38 and areof the usual construction to afford a fixed movement of the escapementwheel I35 equal to one tooth-space movement thereof at each forward andback movement of the dog rocker about its pivots I38 and I40. The dogrocker is provided with a depending operating arm I45 which is operatedrearwardly through a link I46 connected with the usual universal bar(not shown) which is actuated by the type bars. The link I46 is providedwith a laterally extending lug I41 whereby it may be operated in a likemanner by the usual space bar mechanism (not shown). Thus, theescapement mechanism is operated to afford a uniform movement of theescapement wheel I35 upon the operation of either a printing key or thespace bar, and it is intended that such operation may be effected in theusual manner.

The usual form of back spacing devices is shown in the present instanceto coact with the outer sides of the teeth I25 of the back spacing wheelI 00. Referring to Fig. 10 it will be seen that a back spacing pawl I50is pivotally mounted at I5I on a pawl carrier I52 which in turn ispivotally mounted at I54 on a bracket I55 secured at I56 to theescapement wheel supporting bracket I0. A key controlled link I50connects the back spacing pawl 'I50 with an arm I59 carried by a rockshaft I 50 (see Fig. '7), and the rock shaft I60 is operated in theusual manner by the back spacing key lever, not shown. An operation ofthe back spacing key lever first moves the pawl I 50 upwardly around itspivot I 5| into engagement with the teeth I25 of the back spacing wheeland thereafter moves the pawl, pawl carrier and wheel I in unison in adirection to move the carriage backward against the force of the springdrum 25. This movement is limited by a stop I50 on the pawl I50 engagingan off-set stop pin I50 on the link I58. A contractile spring IOIreturns the back spacing mechanism to its normal position ,where it isarrested by an arm on the pawl carrier I52 engaging an adjustable stopscrew I52. The teeth I25 on the back spacing wheel I00 accord in numberwith the teeth on the escapement wheel I35, and an operation of the backspacing mechanism causes one tooth I25 to ride over the pawl I25 sothat-the wheel I00 is moved one tooth-space in a reverse directionrelative to the escapement wheel I35.

The tabulator mechanism which ordinarily operates to release thecarriage by lifting the usual feed rack is herein slightly modified torelease the carriage by operating the clutch member through thereleasing bar I04. In Fig. 2 it may be seen that the usual tabulatoruniversal bar I 55 which depends from a pivoted rock shaft I55 isoperated rearwardly by an operation of any one of several tabulator keys(not shown). A forwardly extending arm I61 on the universal bar I50 isconnected by a vertical link I50 to an arm I" on a rock shaft I'I0mounted in a bearing member "I secured to the.top plate I5. The rockshaft "0 carries a releasing arm "2 coacting with the bar I04 (see Fig.8) whereby an operation of a tabulator key releases the carriage bymoving the bar I04 rearwardly to disengage the teeth of the clutchmember 00 from the teeth of the drum 32 thus freeing the carriage fromcontrol of the escapement mechanism.

It will now be clear that in the present construction the escapementwheel I35 which is driven through the drum 32 functions generally in theusual manner under control of the feed dogs to afford uniform extents ofletter-feed motion of said drum. Also that uniform extents ofintermittent backward motion of the drum 32 are effected through theoperation of the back spacing mechanism. Notwithstanding the uniformmovements of the drum 32 under the conditions pointed out above variablemovements of the carriage may be effected due to the variation in thediameter of the drum as will hereinafter more clearly appear.

It will also be clear that provision has been made for releasing thedrum 32 from the control of the escapement mechanism either by the usualcarriage release keys or by the usual tabulator keys in the keyboard.

However, in the present construction the extent of intermittent forwardor backward movement of the carriage which results respectively fromthis uniform extent of forward or backward movement of the drum 32 isdetermined by the effective diameterof the drum. In other words, theratio between the fixed movement of the drum 32 and the movement of thecarriage is determined by the diameter or the circumference of the drumaround which the flexible cable 30 is wound, and in the presentconstruction this diameter of the drum may be readily contracted orexpanded by tightening or loosening the cable.

In order to contract the diameter or circumference of the drum 32 todecrease the extent of each of such intermittent carriage movements, forexample, the finger wheel 65 as viewed from the right is turned in acounter-clockwise direction .to pull on the right-hand end of the cable30, and as the left-hand end thereof is fixed, this results intightening the cable on the drum or in decreasing the length of theportion of the cable which surrounds the drum 32. This results ineffecting an inward radial movement of each of the sections 88 againstthe force of its associated springs 9| thereby contracting the diameterof the drum. In order to expand the diameter or' circumference of thedrum to increase the extent of each intermittent carriage movement, thefin ger wheel 65 is turned in the opposite or clockwise direction whichloosens the cable at the right-hand end thereof and allows that portionof the cable which surrounds the drum to increase in length thusaffording an outward radial movement of each of the sections 88 underthe force of its associated springs 0|.

In the present construction, the brackets H and 53 are rigidlyinterconnected between opposite ends of the cable 30 by the tabulatorcolumn stop bar 45 and the carriage frame I6. This prevents any inwardmovement of the cable end supports when tightening the cable, thusinsuring that each increment of adjustment of the finger wheel 55 willbe accurately reflected in a change in diameter of the drum 32.

The adjustment of the finger wheel 55 thus determines the extent ofspacing between printed characters and between words and at the sametime determines that the extent of each back spacing movement shall bethe same as the extent of forward spacing movement irrespective of theextent of letter spacing determined by the expansion or contraction ofthe drum. In order All to aid in the proper setting of the finger wheel35, indexing means I30 are provided on a beveled end of the cylindricalportion 68 of said finger wheel, which indexing means coact withindexing means 482 on the fixed cylindrical member H, as may be seen inFigs. 11 and 12. These indexw ing means I80 and I82 are arranged in muchthe same manner as the indexing means on an ordinary micrometer and arearranged to indicate the extent of longitudinal movement of theright-hand end of the cable 30 either to the right or left of a normalposition wherein a normal standard letter space movement of the carriagels afiorded.

In the present instance the setting of the finger wheel 65 for normalspacing or one in which the ordinary standard letter spacing for, say,pica type is aiforded, is shown in Fig. 9, where in its inner edge ofthe cylinder 68 registers with the transverse line :0 on the fixedmember H (see Fig. 11) which is at the right of the indicia 0 of theindexing means 182, and the indicia 0 of the indexing means I00registers with the longitudinal line y on the fixed member 7 i. Thissetting is arranged to provide the expansible and contractible drum 32with an effective circumierence of three inches, and with 30 teeth onthe escapement wheel I35 as shown, the carriage movement afforded is .1inch which is the normal extent of letter spacing for pica" type.

The nut 62 for the connection at the left-hand end of the cable 30 maybe adjusted on the rod 39 in assembly to either tighten or loosen thelefthand end of the cable 30 and thus provide this normal letter spacingin accordance with the normal setting of the finger wheel 65.

It should be understood that if the finger wheel 66 is turned onecomplete revolution in either direction from the so-called normalposition, the effective circumference of the drum 32 will be eitherincreased or decreased .1 of an inch and the change in intermittentcarriage movement will be one-thirtieth of this change in circumference.The finger wheel 65 is shown in Fig. 11

r in a position of adjustment which contracts the circumference of thedrum 32 to the extent of .2 of an inch. The change in circumference ofthe drum 32 producedbyless than a full revolution of the finger wheel65, or the extents of change intermediate the indices on the indexingmeans I82, will be indicated in terms of thousandths of an inch by theindicia on the indexing means I80 which registers with the longitudinalline 11 on the fixed member H. Thus, the change from normal in thecircumference of the drum 32 is indicated in every instance in decimalparts of an inch by the number to the left of the first exposedtransverse mark a: on the indicating means 182 at the left of the end ofsleeve 68, which number is to be followed by the number on the indexingmeans I80 which registers with the longitudinal line'y on the member H.i

It will be understood therefore, that at each setting of the fingerwheel 65, the extent of letter spacing, and incidentally the extent ofback spacing, will be equal to the algebraic sum of .l'inch and onethirtieth of the reading on the indexing means I80 and I82. 1.

When the present device is to :be used for justifying typewrittenvlines,.the setting. of the finger wheel 65 by, the operator maybegreatly iacilitatedby, theuse of a chart or the likeshowingjthe settingof the finger wheel required for effecting various extents of expansionor contraction of lines as shown for example as follows:

N0. of spaces Amount 0! Length of Circumferunjustified justiflcaigggspace, inchence of hub copy tion es 32, inches Five inch line (picatype) Sir inch line (pica type) Seven inch line (pica type) A highlyefiicient and reliable means has thus been provided in the drivingconnections between the carriage and escapement and back spacing wheelswhereby variable extents of forward letter space movements of thecarriage may be afforded during the unvariable extent of letter spacemovements of the escapement wheel, and whereby the extent of backspacing movement of the carriage will at all times accord with thevariable forward letter space movement.

It will be clear that the adjustable flexibl driving-member in the formof a cable whichwhich enables the radio between the movements example,the present variable spacing means provides for conveniently adjustingthe letter spacing to accord with a machine provided for writing, sayfor example, roman, pica, or elite" without changing or modifying theescapement mechanism in any manner. The present variable spacing meansmay also be used to readily per- -mit the writing of open spacedheadings or for emphasizing words by increasing the spacing between theletters of such words.

Although the carriage in the present instance is controlled by anescapement mechanism wherein the movement of the escapement wheel isuniform at all times, it will be clear that the present constructionwill operate with equal facility if differential movements of theescapement wheel were afforded to provide different extents of spacingfor narrow, medium and wide characters and provision is made for backspacing in like manner.

It is also to be understood that although the mechanism of thisinvention is shown embodied in a machine having a platen-carryingcarriage, the invention is not restricted to machines of this type butalso may be employed, for example, in fiat platen machines wherein thecarriage" car ries the printing instrumentalities, and the termcarriage" is employed in a generic sense to apply to either form ofcarriage referred to above.

It is further to be understood that various changes may be made in theconstruction, and certain features thereof may be employed withoutothers without departing from my invention as it is defined in theaccompanying claims.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a typewriting or like machine, the combination of a carriage,escapement mechanism therefor including an escapement wheel,intermediate driving connections between the carriage and saidescapement wheel and through which the escapement wheel is turned, saidconnections including an expansible and contractible driving drum, and adriving member that surrounds said drum, the expansion and contractionof the drum affording a change in the ratio of the movements of thecarriage relatively to the escapement wheel.

2. In a typewriting or like machine, the combination of a carriage, andmeans for controlling the letter space movements thereof and for varyingthe extents of such movements comprising a rotative member capable ofbeing expanded and contracted to vary the diameter thereof, and

means coacting with said member to cause the' change in the diameterthereof. to be reflected in and determine the extent of letter spacemovement afforded the carriage.

3. In a typewrlting or like machine, the combination of a carriage, andmeans for controlling the letter space movements thereof and for varyingthe extents of such movements comprising a rotative member capable ofbeing expanded and contracted to vary the diameter thereof, meanscoacting with said member to cause the I change in the diameter thereofto be reflected in and determine the extent of letter space movementafforded the carriage, and settable means for predetermining the amountof expansion and contraction of said member and thereby regulate thevariable letter space movements of the carriage.

4. In a typewrlting or like machine, the combination of a carriage, andmeans for controlling the letter space movements thereof and for varyingthe extents of such movements comprising a rotative member capable ofbeing expanded and contracted to vary the diameter thereof, meanscoacting with said member to cause the change in the diameter thereof.to be reflected in and determine the extent of letter space movementafforded the carriage, settable means for predetermining the amount ofexpansion and contraction of said member and thereby regulate thevariable letter space movements of the carriage, and indexing means toaid in the proper setting of said settable means. i ".3

5. In a typewrlting or like machine,-the combination of a carriage, anescapement mechanism therefor including an escapement wheel, a rota.-tive drum expansible and contractible to vary the diameter thereof,means for operatively connecting said drum with the escapement wheel, acable surrounding said drum and operatively connected to the carriage,and adjustable means for controlling the expansion and contraction ofsaid drum.

6. In a typewrlting or like machine, the combination of a carriage, anescapement mechanism therefor including an escapement wheel, a rotativedrum expansible and contractible to vary the diameter thereof, means foroperatively connecting said drum with the escapement wheel, a cablesurrounding said drum and connected at one end to the carriage, andadjustable means by which the other end of said cable is connected tothe carriage and by which the expansion and contraction of the drum iscontrolled and the variation in the letter spacing of the carriage isbrought about.

7. In a typewriting or like machine, the combination of a carriage, anescapement mechanism therefor including an escapement wheel, a rotativedrum expansible and contactible to vary the diameter thereof, means foroperatively connecting said drum with the escapement wheel, a cablesurrounding said drum and connected at one end to the carriage,adjustable means by which the other end of said cable is connected tothe carriage and by which the expansion and contraction of the drum iscontrolled and the variation in the letter spacing of the carriage isbrought about, and indexing means for said adjustable means to aid inthe setting thereof and thereby predetermine the extent of letterspacing.

8. In a typewrlting or like machine, the combination of a carriage, andmeans for controlling the letter space movements thereof and'for varyingthe extents of such movements comprising a rotative member including aseries of segmental sections forming the periphery thereof, spring meanstending to force said sections outwardly, a cable surrounding saidsections and operatively connected to the carriage, and adjustable meansfor tightening or loosening said cable on said sections to contract orafford an expansion thereof and thus vary the diameter of said rotativemember and the extent of letter feed movements of thecarriage.

9. In a typewriting or like machine, the combination of a carriage,escapement mechanism therefor including an escapement wheel,intermediate driving connections between the carriage and saidescapement wheel and through which the escapement wheel is turned, saidconnections including a rotative member operatively connected to-theescapement wheel and having a series of segmental sections forming theperiphery of the rotative member and mounted for radial movement towardsand from the axis thereo spring means which tend to move said sectiolloutwardly, a cable which surrounds said sectio s and which isoperatively connected to the carriage, and adjustable means connectingsaid cable with the carriage and with the aid of which the cable may betightened to eifect a contraction of said sections or may be loosened toafford an expansion of said sections, thereby changing the diameter ofsaid rotative member and the extent of letter feed movements of thecarriage.

"10. In atypewrlting or like machine-the combination of a carriage,escapement mechanism therefor including an escapement wheel, a backspacing wheel operatively connected to turn therewith in one directionand to turn independently of the escapement wheel in the oppositedirection, a back spacing pawl coacting with said back spacing wheel,and intermediate driving connections between said back spacing'wheel andthe carriage comprising means by which the ratio between the movementsof the escapement and back spacing wheels and the carriage may bechanged to afford different extents of letter space movements of thecarriage, said driving connections comprising an expansible andcontractible driving drum operatively connected to said back spacingwheel, a cable surrounding said drum and operatively connected to saidcarriage, and adjustable means for controlling a contraction andexpansion of said drum.

11. In a typewriting or like machine, the combination of a carriage,escapement mechanism therefor including an escapement wheel, a backspacing wheel operatively connected to turn therewith in one directionand to turn independently of the escapement wheel in the oppositedirection, a back spacing pawl cooperative with said back spacing wheel,and intermediate driving connections between said back spacing wheel andthe carriage comprising means by which the ratio between the movementsof the escapement and back spacing wheels and the carriage may bechanged to afford different extents of letter space movements of thecarriage, said driving connections comprising a rotative memberoperatively connected to said back spacing wheel and having a series ofsections movable towards and from the axis of said rotative member,spring means which tend to move said sections away from the axis of therotative member, a cable surrounding said sectionsand operativelyconnected to the carriage, and adjusting means for tightening orloosening the cable on said sections to vary the diameter of therotative member and thereby change the extent of letter feed movementsof the carriage afforded by the escapement and back spacing wheels.

12. In a typewriting or like machine, the combination of a carriage,escapement mechanism therefor including an escapement wheel, a backspacing wheel operatively connected to turn therewith in one directionand to turn independently of the escapement wheel in the oppositedirection, a back spacing pawl coacting with said back spacing wheel,and intermediate driving connections between said back spacing wheel andthe carriage comprising means by which the ratio between the movementsof the escapement and back spacing wheels and the carriage may bechanged to afford different extents of letter space movements of thecarriage, said driving connections comprising a rotative memberconnected to said back spacing wheel and having aseries of sectionsmovable towards and from the axis of said rotative member, spring meanswhich tend to move said sections away from the axis of the rotativemember, a cable surrounding said sections and operatively connected tothe-carriage, adjusting means for tightening or loosening the cable onsaid sections to vary the diameter of the rotative member and therebychange the extent of letter feed movements of the carriage afforded bythe escapement and back spacing wheels, and indexing means associatedwith said adjusting means to predetermine the extent of differentialfeed afforded by the adjustment of said adjustable means.

13. In a typewriting or like machine, the combination of a carriage, anescapement wheel, a back spacing wheel, pawl and ratchet mechanism forcausing the back spacing and escapement wheels to turn together inone'direction and for affording a backward movement of the back spacingwheel independently of said escapement wheel, back spacing meanscoacting with said back spacing wheel, an expansible and contractibledrum connected to said back spacing wheel, a cable surrounding said drumand connected to said carriage, and adjustable means for tightening andloosening said cable on said drum.

14. In a typewriting or like machine, the combination of a carriage,escapement mechanism therefor including an escapement wheel, a rotativedrum expansible and contractible to vary the diameter thereof, a cablesurrounding said drum and operatively connected to the carriage,adjustable means for controlling the expansion and contraction of saiddrum, and releasable connecting means between said drum and saidescapement wheel for freeing the carriage from control of its escapementmechanism.

15. In a typewriting or like machine, the combination of a carriage,escapement mechanism therefor including an escapement wheel, a rotativedrum expansible and contractible to vary the diameter thereof, a cablesurrounding said drum and operatively connected to the carriage,adjustable means for controlling the expansion and contraction of saiddrum, connecting means between said drum and said escapement wheel, andmeans on said carriage coacting with said connecting means at any pointin the travel of the carriage for disconnecting said drum from saidescapement wheel and thereby freeing the carriage from control of itsescapement mechanism.

16. In a typewriting or like machine, the combination of a carriage, anexpansible and contractible drum operatively connected to the carriage,an escapement wheel operatively connected to said drum, means coactingwith said escapement wheel for affording uniform extents of intermittentforward movements of said drum, and means for varying the circumferenceof said drum for affording variable extents of forward movements of thecarriage during the uniform forward movements of said drum.

1'7. In a typewriting or like machine, the combination of a carriage, anexpansible and contractible drum operatively connected to the carriage,a back spacing wheel operatively connected to said drum, means coactingwith said back spacing wheel for effecting .uniform extents ofintermittent back spacing movements of said drum, and means for varyingthe circumference of said drum for effecting variable extents of backspacing movements of the carriage during the uniform back spacingmovements of said drum.

FREDERICK W. SCHREMP.

